Communication Assistance
for the Vulnerable Suspect or Defendant

Dr. Rukiya Stein, PhD (Law)  ·  Independent Communication Intermediary  ·  Accredited Witness Intermediary, NSW (DOJ)
Role

What a Communication Intermediary Does

A communication intermediary facilitates communication so that a vulnerable child or adult suspect or defendant can participate effectively in the legal process — whether at a suspect interview, when giving evidence, or at any point where communication difficulties could hinder meaningful participation at trial.

The intermediary assists defence, prosecution, and the judiciary by ensuring vulnerable individuals — particularly those with disabilities — can understand questions and legal proceedings, and be understood by all parties involved.

Eligibility

Who We Work With

Suspects & Defendants

  • Adults (18+ years of age)
  • Young people (16–18 years old)
  • Children (14–16 years old)

Communication Difficulties May Include

  • Speech and language difficulties
  • Diagnosed cognitive or intellectual disability
  • Difficulty with comprehension
  • Autism and/or ADHD
  • Difficulty processing complex language or questions
  • Difficulty expressing themselves
  • Difficulty saying "I don't know" or "I don't understand"
Independent and impartial
Not a questioner
Does not provide emotional support
Not an expert witness
How It Works

The Referral Process

01

Referral

  • Initial phone call with the referring agency to discuss the matter
  • Referring agency completes a referral form
02

Communication Assessment

  • Expressive language: ability to give a personal recount or narrative
  • Auditory comprehension and understanding of language, vocabulary, and legalese
  • Understanding of questions and ability to respond or refute
  • Use of communication aids to support participation and regulate emotions
03

Intermediary Report

  • Comprehensive report with clear recommendations for obtaining best evidence or supporting understanding throughout trial
  • All visual communication aids included
  • Shared with the referring agency, parties, and judge
Services

Communication Intermediary Support

Suspect Interviews

  • Works with the investigating officer to frame questions the suspect can comprehend
  • Assists with visual aids such as timelines and notes
  • Supports the vulnerable suspect in providing evidence

Planning for Trials & Hearings

  • Discusses assessment and recommendations at a Ground Rules Hearing with all parties and the judge
  • Recommends measures to ensure the defendant can give best evidence
  • Conducts court familiarisation or practice questioning on a neutral topic if required
  • Facilitates communication throughout trial or when the defendant gives evidence

Case Conferences

  • Attends case conferences with the defendant and their legal representatives
  • Assists communication and ensures all legal matters can be understood

Assisting at Trial

  • Sits with the defendant in the dock
  • Explains proceedings — what is said, what is happening
  • Assists with providing instructions to legal representatives
  • Facilitates communication and use of visual aids
  • Monitors emotional regulation and need for breaks